Chii chinonzi nicotinamide?

Chii chinonzi nicotinamide?

Nicotinamide, inozivikanwawo se niacinamide kana nicotinic acid amide, ndiyo inonyungudika mumvura, inoshanda fomu yevhitamini B3. Yakave ichiwedzera kudzidzwa kune dzakawanda zviratidzo zvakasiyana mumunda wedermatology, asi tsvakurudzo yakawanda inodiwa kuti ijekese kukosha kwayo.

Nicotinamide inongowanikwa muhuwandu hudiki mumbiriso, nyama isina kuonda, hove, nzungu uye nyemba. Inowanzowedzerwawo kune zviyo uye zvimwe zvekudya. Oral nicotinamide inowanikwa se20–30 mg mumisanganiswa yemultivitamin, uye pachayo semapiritsi asingadhure 500-mg. Yakave yakabatanidzwawo mune dzakawandamisorovamiririri kusanganisira sunscreens uye cosmetic agents.

Ko nicotinamide inoshanda sei?

Iyo yakafara kiriniki mhedzisiro yenicotinamide inogona kutsanangurwa nebasa rayo se:

• Acellularsimba precursor
• A modulator yekuzvimba cytokines
• Aninhibitoryenuclear enzymepoly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose [ADP]) polymerase [PARP], iyo inoita basa rinokoshaDNAkugadzirisa, kuchengetedza genomic kugadzikana, uye cellular mhinduro kune kukuvara kusanganisirakuzvimbauyeapoptosis(kufa kwesero).

Chii chinoshandiswa nicotinamide?

Vitamin B3 yakakosha kune hutano hwakanaka; kushayikwa kunotungamirira kuchirwere chakakomba, pellagra. Oral nicotinamide inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira kurapa pellagra.

Nicotinamide inoshandiswa semushonga inogona kubatsira ganda munzira dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana.

• Nicotinamide ineanti-inflammatoryzvinhu, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa pakurapa bullous (blistering) zvirwere.
• Inogona kunatsiridza mburwa neayo anti-kuzvimba chiito uye nekudzikisa sebum.
• Inogona kuvandudza ganda barriers basa nekuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura kuburikidza neepidermis(iyo yekunze ganda layer) nokudaro kuwedzera hydration yeganda.
• Inoshumwa kuvandudza ruvara, nekuvandudzapigmentation, kuputika uye kubwinya kweganda rekukwegura; rinoshandiswa mune zvimwecosmeceuticalzvigadzirwa.
• Inogona kuderedza actinic keratoses uye njodzi yekenza yeganda, kunyanya squamous cell carcinoma.
• Yakashandiswa kurapa polymorphic light eruption.

Mamiriro eganda anorapwa nicotinamide

• Oral nicotinamide

Bullous pemphigoid

Musanganiswa weoral nicotinamide uye tetracycline inoita seimwe inobatsira kunesystemicsteroid mukurapa bullous pemphigoid. Zvishomatoxicuye yakachengeteka kupfuura dapsone neprednisone.

Mune imwechete yakazaruka-yakanyorwa kiriniki yekuedza kuenzanisa kusanganiswa kwe500 mg ye nicotinamide, katatu pazuva, uye 500 mg ye tetracycline kane zuva nezuva, ne prednisone, muvarwere ve20 vane bullous pemphigoid, pakanga pane mhinduro shanu dzakakwana uye zvishanu zvishoma mhinduro. , muboka re nicotinamide uye tetracycline zvichienzaniswa nemhinduro imwe yakakwana uye mhinduro shanu dzechikamu muboka re prednisone, mushure memavhiki masere ekurapwa. Vose vashanu vakakwana-vanopindura varwere muboka re nicotinamide uye tetracycline vakaramba vasina chirwere panguva yemishonga inopera pamusoro pemwedzi ye10 yekutevera, nepo varwere vatatu muboka re prednisone vakadzokorora zvirwere zvinoputika ne steroid tapering panguva imwe chete.

Gomarara reganda

PlaceboMiedzo inodzorwa yakaratidza varwere vane njodzi yakanyanya-yakakuvadzwa nezuva vanotora oral nicotinamide vane yakakura actinic keratoses uye cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas vangatarisira kuderedzwa kwenhamba itsva.marondakupfuuridza nguva. Humbowo hahuna kukwana.

Migumisiro yakaipa yemuromo nicotinamide

Oral nicotinamide inowanzotenderwa mumadhora ari pasi pe3 g/zuva. Iyo haikonzere kubhururuka kana kugumbuka kwemudumbu, kusiyana neinotangira nicotinic acid. Zvinonzi zvinowedzera kudikitira, kukwidza shuga muropa, uye kunokonzerahypotension.

Kunyanya kuwandisa kwenicotinamide kunogona kukonzera kusvotwa.

• Topical nicotinamide

Mburwa Nicotinamide, inowanikwa mumusorocream,geluye mafomu emuromo (semuenzaniso, Nicomide®), yakaratidza kuti inoshanda mukubvisa acne. Muyedzo yekiriniki yakadzorwa, 4% nicotinamide gel yakawanikwa ichishanda senge 1% clindamycin gel mukurapa acne vulgaris muvarwere makumi manomwe neshanu vane mwero acne. Chidzidzo ichi chakagumisa kuti anti-inflammatory properties ye nicotinamide inogona kunge yakabatsira mukubudirira kwayo muacne. Nicotinamide zvakare inoderedza kugadzirwa kwesebum kumeso.Sebuminokonzera kupenya kwechiso uye inobatsira kune noninflamed comedones uye kuputika kwemakumbo emakumbo. Mhedzisiro yekiriniki inodzorwa zvakanaka muCaucasian nevakadzi vechiJapan vakaratidza kuti kushandisa 2% nicotinamide moisturizer kumeso kwemavhiki e4-6 kunoderedza kugadzirwa kwesebum nemisiyano yakakura mukupenya kwechiso uye mafuta.

Nicotinamide gel inotengeswa sengeover-the-counterkurapwa kweacne muCanada, Australia, NZ, UK, USA neIreland. Kana kushandiswa kaviri-zuva nezuva kuchikonzera kuoma kwakanyanya kweganda, imwe inogona kuderedza kusvika kamwe chete pazuva, kana mamwe mazuva ose.

Rosacea

Zviratidzo zvekiriniki uye zviratidzo zve rosacea zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kuoma kweganda rechiso, kutsvuka uye kunzwa. Muzvidzidzo zviviri, ma moisturisers ane nicotinamide akaratidzwa kuvandudza ganda rekuvhara basa muvarwere verosacea, zvichikonzera kudzikira maitiro kune.zvinogumburakusanganisira mishonga yekuchenesa uye yekuzora.

Nicotinamide inoshanda seyakatangira nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) uye nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), ayo ari-enzymes(vatungamiri veenzymaticreactions) yakakosha kune dzakawanda nzira dzemetabolic. Aya ma-enzymes anoita basa munemetabolismyeglucose, kugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi, uyesynthesisyelipids.Iwo mazinga eNADH / NADPH (iyo yakaderedzwa mafomu eNAD neNADP) inodzikira nezera uye topical nicotinamide inoita seinodzosera kuderera. Muzvidzidzo zvekiriniki zvakawanda, topical nicotinamide yakavandudza mitsetse yakanaka uye makunakuna, mavara ane pigmented, red blotchiness, uye kuchena kweganda (yero) pamwe nekunyungudika. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza nicotinamide kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwegandaceramide, izvo zvakasikwa emollients uye zvinodzivirira ganda, nokudaro kuvandudza hydration yeganda.

Amapofu maviri, placebo-inodzorwa, kupatsanurwa-chiso, kuruboshwe-kurudyi,randomized12-vhiki yekudzidza muvakadzi makumi mashanu yakaongorora mhedzisiro ye5% topical nicotinamide pazviratidzo zvakasiyana zvekuchembera kweganda. Vatsvagiri vakashuma topical nicotinamide yakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwakakura mumitsetse yakanaka/makwinya, pigmentation, magadzirirwo uye tsvuku blotchiness. Chidzidzo ichi chakatsigirwa naProctor uye Gamble.

Imwe ongororo yevakadzi makumi matatu vane hutano hweJapan yakashuma kuvandudzwa kwekuwonyana kwemaziso mushure memavhiki masere ekushandisa cosmetic ine 4% nicotinamide.

Nicotinamide inotenderwa zvakanaka uye kazhinji inogona kushandiswa nevaya vasingakwanise kushivirira topical retinoids kana michero acids.

Anticancer madhara

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kenza yegandadevelopment.Maitiro ayo UVR inotungamira kunekenzadzakaomarara kusanganisira kukuvadzwa kwakananga kuDNA uye zvinokonzeresa immune system. Nicotinamide yakaratidzwa kuwedzera kugadzirisa kweyakananga uye oxidative DNA kukuvara mumunhukeratinocytesuye ganda remunhu. Iine simba rekudziviriraUV-inducedimmune kudzvinyirirwa, inoratidzwa muchidzidzo chevazvipiri vane Mantoux test yakanaka (positive tuberculin senitivity test). Maitiro eMantoux anogona kudzvinyirirwa nekuratidzwa kuUVR. Nicotinamide yakaderedza kudzvinyirirwa kwezvirwere izvi payakashandiswa pamberi kana mushure mekuratidzwa kuUVR (kutevedzera kuratidzwa kwezuva).

Muchiyedzo chekiriniki chakarongeka muvarwere ve50, 1% nicotinamide gel yakashandiswa kaviri zuva nezuva mumusoro, maoko nemaoko kwemwedzi mitanhatu yakaderedza chirwere ichi.kurevanhamba yeprecancerousactinic keratoses ne28%.

Nicotinamide haishande sechidzitiro chezuva (uye haidziviriri kupisa kwezuva). Iyo haina antioxidant zvimiro, asi inogona kukanganisa inopindirana cascade, sero simba metabolism, uye apoptosis (sero kufa).

Mapepa akatenderwa ndiwo ari pamutemo sosi yeruzivo rwemishonga, kusanganisira yakatenderwa mashandisirwo, dosi, uye ruzivo rwekuchengetedza. Tarisa dhetabheti remunhu ari munyika yako kuti uwane ruzivo nezvemishonga.